STRUCTURE
Every cell (both animal and vegetable) is composed of just two types of living units, knobbed rods and granules, both demonstrated by Tissot. These two subcellular components, or intra-cellular bionts, may be reduced ultimately to simply one living entity, the microzyma of Béchamp. When we consider that Hofmeister has estimated that there are 200,000 billion molecules in a cell (a liver cell, for example) we get some notion of the range of possibilities at the molecular level. Extensive studies of normal animal and vegetable cells show that the two subcellular, primal components are both capable of independent existence, growth, and multiplication. The first is a structural component, many of which are joined to form the stroma, the fibrous mesh of all protoplasm. This mesh is constructed out of “sticks” of varying lengths with knobbed ends. The union of several chromophilic knobs is easily seen. They have been variously named, but usually are called simply chromophilic granules. The free, mobile mitochondria often described are simply artefacts produced by improper preparation of the specimen, which destroys and clumps several of the normal sticks into large chunks. The normal “dumb-bell” units (so named from their shape) have a typical formation and growth which are everywhere maintained. As such they form the real structural component of all cells.
FUNCTION OF THE “DUMB-BELLS”
The knobbed sticks (”dumb-bells” of Tissot) form a reticular framework throughout both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the cell. This framework (linin) may be thought of as somewhat resembling a three-dimensional spider web. In the tissue fluid within the interspaces of this stroma are the chemically active granular microzymas. Many stoichio-chemical changes and changes in colloid chemistry occur within the cell. Some molecules are large: Albumin, C1428H2244O462S14. There are more than 1000 enzymes in every cell.
THE GRANULAR BIONT
The second subcellular, primal unit is a granule, free and mobile, having Brownian movement. It is the active agent of all enzymes of the body and is the functional component of all the body fluids and secretions. Hence the “dumb-bell” unit is the structural agent of all cells, while the granule is the chemist of the cells. There is a possibility that the “dumb-bell” unit is a more advanced stage of the granule; it possesses a stalk, and a new granule grows at the tip of stalk. In this case there is but one primal life form as envisaged by Béchamp, called by him the microzyma, but it functions in the two elementary forms, the stick and the granule, which perform the basic work of structure and function. They are the builder and the chemist. All cells are composed exclusively of these two formed and viable units.[...]
SPECIALIZATION
All cells secrete. The best known secretions are enzymes and diastases hormones blood plasma cerebro-spinal fluid milk saliva perspiration urine pus toxins antitoxins and other antibodies All the secretions are produced out of and by specialized intracellular bionts, and all the secretions contain numbers of these living microzymas, which, if filtered out, inactivated, or killed, leave the secretion impotent. Each of the cells in the body is specialized to a certain degree and fulfills the specific function of the tissue. This implementation is dependent upon the granule, which also provides specialization of enzymic function characteristic of each area. The little granules are the active agents, the basic chemists, of all the digestive juices; they are the active agents of blood coagulation. In fact, the blood platelets are just small clumps of the granules. In the clumps their action is diminished because their exposed surface is reduced. When they are scattered out as free granules, they rapidly hydrolyze the prothrombin (which is a combination of lecithins) and set free the fatty acids. These in turn neutralize the sodium portion of the fibrinogen, thus reducing its solubility. Hence there is a precipitation with the formation of a web of fibrin which entangles the granules. The active granules can be isolated, and when they are removed from any of the enzymes, the enzymic action is lost. When they are taken from the blood, it does not coagulate. When they are removed from milk, it does not clot to form a curd. When the granules are removed from saliva and the other digestive juices, they lose their enzymic action. When the granules are removed from toxins, they lose their antigenic properties and become totally impotent. The same is true of antitoxins. They are utterly functionless without their granules. Without the little chemists there is no function of secretions. Their functions vary with their environment, but they are basically the same chemist wherever found and whatever they do. Further discussion of the variation of function will be dealt with later. The preceding material has been devoted exclusively to normal healthy organisms, their structure and their function. The essential point is that all cells, both animal and vegetable, are composed of not many kinds but only two subcellular units, one the structural unit and the other the chemical activator. These are the “dumbbell” sticks which form the framework of all cytoplasm and nucleus, and the tiny granules that are present in all the normal cells and their products.[...]
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